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You are here: Wiki-Summaries >> Implement, Maintain, Scale Up & Sustain Programs (IMSS) >> IMSS Overview
This Section: Implement, Maintain, Scale-Up & Sustain Programs

Implement, Maintain,Scale Up, &Sustain Programs & Approaches - Overview

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The implementation, maintenance, scale up, sustainability (IMSS) of multi-component approaches, multi-intervention programs and individual interventions requires use of traditional, effective, operational planning steps such as involving stakeholders, selecting effective programs and using evidence-based and experience-tested implementation models and frameworks. Planners should also identify local barriers/drivers of change such as inter-organizational relationships, recent events and incidents. Planning should include considerations of scaling up, start-up and ongoing costs, succession of key personnel and sustainability from the start. A thorough understanding of the local situation, magnitude, complexity and the “fit” or congruence a between the planned interventions or approach with the local situation, the use of evidence-based and experience-tested planning tools/frameworks and clarity about the intended outputs from different distribution, dissemination or diffusion (institutionalization) strategies are also required. The use of IMSS frameworks and the focus on these processes is relatively new in school health & development but is now often part of UN agency guidance documents. Several centres of excellence, reviews and summaries of better IMSS practices are emerging. As a key part of the new paradigm of systems-focused action, IMSS planning offers answers to why programs are effective and how they can be sustained.

Key Sources
  • FRESH Partners (2019) Cross Cutting Themes in the FRESH Framework: An Overview & Theme-Related Indicators, Author, pp 21-31
  • Birken SA, Powell BJ, Presseau J, Kirk MA, Lorencatto F, Gould NJ, Shea CM, Weiner BJ, Francis JJ, Yu Y, Haines E, Damschroder LJ.(2017) Combined use of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF): a systematic review, Implement Sci.2017 Jan 5;12(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s13012-016-0534-z
  • Milat AJ, Newson R, King L, Rissel C, Wolfenden L, Bauman A, Redman S, Giffin M. (2016) A guide to scaling up population health interventions. Public Health Res Pract. 2016 Jan 28;26(1):e2611604. doi: 10.17061/phrp2611604
  • Vince Whitman, C (2005) “Implementing Research-based Health Promotion Programmes in Schools: Strategies for Capacity Building,” Chapter 6 in S. Clift, B.B. Jensen (eds.) The Health Promoting School: International Advances in Theory, Evaluation and Practice. Copenhagen: Danish University of Education Press, 2005
  • McCall D, MacDougall C, Carpenter S, Andrew C, Shannon M (2009) Using Evidence-based Implementation Theory & Models in School Health Promotion, World Encyclopedia on School Health, Safety, Social & Sustainable Development, Surrey, BC, International School Health Network
  • UNESCO, WHO, UNODC (2017) Education sector responses to the use of alcohol, tobacco and drugs Paris, UNESCO, p 60
  • World Bank (2012) What Matters Most for School Health and School Feeding: A Framework Paper Washington, World Bank, p. 47
  • FAO (2019) Strengthening sector policies for better food security and nutrition results: Education, Policy Guidance Note 13, Rome, Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, p 25-27 
This summary was first posted in June 2020 as a "revised draft". These individuals  or organizations have contributed to the development of this topic: Carol MacDougal, Sandra Carpenter, Mary Shannon, Doug McCall. We encourage readers to submit comments or suggested edits by posting a comment on the Mini-blog & Discussion Page for this section or posting a comment below:
Text

This summary was first posted in June 2012. Currently it has been posted as  an "excerpt/adaptation", "first draft" or "revised draft" and "first or revised edition" version. The following individuals or organizations have contributed to the development of this topic.
We encourage readers to submit comments or suggested edits by posting a comment on the Mini-blog & Discussion Page for this section or posting a comment below:

Text

This summary was first posted in June 2012. Currently it has been posted as  an "excerpt/adaptation", "first draft" or "revised draft" and "first or revised edition" version. The following individuals or organizations have contributed to the development of this topic.
We encourage readers to submit comments or suggested edits by posting a comment on the Mini-blog & Discussion Page for this section or posting a comment below:

Due to the length of Handbook Sections (similar to a book chapter) prepared for this web site and knowledge exchange program, we post these documents as separate documents. Click on this web link to access the draft or completed version on this topic. Come back to this page to post any comments or suggestions. 


 Bibliography/Toolbox on
Key research, reports and resources on this topic are highlighted below.  Many of the topics in this web site also have extensive bibliographies/toolboxes (BTs) published as separate documents. Click on this web link to access the full version of our Bibliography/Toolbox on this topic. These lists use our outline for these collections that we have developed over several years of curating these materials.

Research
Reports & Resources
Overview
  • Birken SA, Powell BJ, Presseau J, Kirk MA, Lorencatto F, Gould NJ, Shea CM, Weiner BJ, Francis JJ, Yu Y, Haines E, Damschroder LJ.(2017) Combined use of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF): a systematic review, Implement Sci.2017 Jan 5;12(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s13012-016-0534-z
Key Examples

Understand the Approach/ Program & Its Effectiveness in Different Contexts, on Different Aspects of HPSD, on different Populations


The Processes used to Implement, Maintain, Scale Up, Sustain

How to Build IMSS Capacity and Comptencies


How to integrate within Education Systems

How IMSS fits within an Ecological/ Systems Approach



Research Questions/KDE Agenda




Overview
  • FRESH Partners (2019) Cross Cutting Themes in the FRESH Framework: An Overview & Theme-Related Indicators, Author, pp 21-31
Key Examples
  • UNESCO, WHO, UNODC (2017) Education sector responses to the use of alcohol, tobacco and drugs Paris, UNESCO, p 60
  • World Bank (2012) What Matters Most for School Health and School Feeding: A Framework Paper Washington, World Bank, p. 47
  • FAO (2019) Strengthening sector policies for better food security and nutrition results: Education, Policy Guidance Note 13, Rome, Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, p 25-27 
Understand the Approach/ Program & Its Effectiveness in Different Contexts, on Different Aspects of HPSD, on different Populations


The Processes used to Implement, Maintain, Scale Up, Sustain

How to Build IMSS Capacity and Comptencies


How to integrate within Education Systems

How IMSS fits within an Ecological/ Systems Approach



Research Questions/KDE Agenda



The following additional resources are posted on this web site or published by other credible sources. Please send any suggested additions to i[email protected]


For updates and reader comments on this section, go to our Mini-Blog on Implement-Maintain-Scale Up-Sustain (IMSS)
(The number of summaries completed or drafted in this section are listed below)

- Introduction to this section
- IMSS Overview
  • Implementing
  • Maintaining
  • Scaling Up/Spreading Out
  • Sustaining
- Rationale & Examples of IMSS Planning
  • Theories of Change
  • Widely Used, Effective Examples
  • Global/Regional/National IMSS Reports
  • Evidence of Impacts on results, core components or sustainability
- Key Insights
  • Clarity about terms and processes
  • Understand the Context/Problems to Focus Resources
  • Organizational Culture & Readiness
  • Fidelity to What?
  • Scaling Up or Spreading Out
  • IMSS in Large, Complex Systems
- The IMSS Process
  • Begin with the End in Mind
  • Match Process, Resources & Outomes
  • Use IMSS Models & Frameworks
  • Estimate size, cost, risks & benefits
  • Strengthen Traditional IMSS Factors
  • Anticipate local Barriers, Opportunities
  • Work with & within Ambiguities
  • Plan Specifically for  Sustainability
  • Recognize, reach critical junctures
- How IMSS fits within a Systems Approach
- Current/Future IMSS Knowledge Development
  • Centres & Networks
  • Research/Knowledge Agendas
  • Methodological Issues & Questions
  • Impacts on System/School Effectiveness
  • Cost-Benefits/Effectiveness
This World Encyclopedia is built and maintained as a collaboration among several organizations and individuals. The International School Health Network (ISHN) is pleased to publish and facilitate our collective efforts to exchange knowledge.