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Nutrition & Schools (B/T)
This document presents the first edition of an ongoing scan of the research literature as well as the Internet that has been done and is being done by a Community of Practice on Nutrition & Schools in Canada. In the list of web-linked research references found below, we have identified major case studies and research reviews. In the listing of web-linked reports and resources (educational, planning, policy and training tools), we have tried to provide a time-saving and convenient resources for the school health community. While much further examination and further searching is required, we hope that this listing provides a quick start for program planning and development.
In this outline, we identify relevant research, reports and resources within an understanding of the issue that we describe as an ecological and systems-based approach to school-based and school-linked health, safety, social and sustainable development. This outline suggests that we need a holistic understanding of the nature, prevalence, aspects and factors affecting the issue, the influence of the school's physical and social environment as well as its core practices, the effectiveness of comprehensive approaches, coordinated agency-school programs and whole school strategies as well as individual interventions, how these interventions can be implemented and sustained while ongoing capacities are built at all levels within education, health and other systems in a manner that respects the complex, open, loosely-coupled and bureaucratic systems that support schools. This outline also lists links that apply these interventions in a variety of local community and country contexts with a deep understanding of the core mandates and constraints of schools and educators. The outline concludes with items relating to future research questions, and methods.
Regional, country and community contexts will have a profound impact on the n umber and nature of issues affecting young people as well as the capacity of school, health and other systems to respond to those issues with individual or multiple interventions. Countries that have been affected by conflict or disaster, low income or developing countries, isolated or island countries and others will have different needs and different system, organizational and professional capacities. Local communities within those countries will also vary, with disadvantaged communities being present in high income countries and affluent communities also being in low income countries. Secular, cultural or religious communities will approach problems differently, with different strengths and challenges. Consequently, we suggest that readers and contributors to this encyclopedia and knowledge exchange program try to identify groupings of issues and interventions according to different contexts and be willing to differentiate or adapt their discussions to different contexts a priori (ie from knowledge based common sense) as well as from knowledge based on experience or evidence.
Since most of the research, reports and resources published on issues and interventions comes from developed countries and affluent communities (with the resources necessary for research and reflection) we have tried to highlight country and local context in this outline and to introduce some examples from each broad issue or aspect of school-based or school-linked work being addressed. For example, in school nutrition, "school meal" programs for disadvantaged students in high income countries are different from "school feeding" programs delivered in low income countries that encourage school attendance. Indeed, in some countries or affluent communities, school meal programs are provided to all students and become integral part of the socialization process in schools.
Interventions are defined as including policies (including professional practice guidelines and organizational practices), educational programs, health, social, student & other services, social support activities such as parent involvement, youth engagement, working with media and community and changes to the physical environment or other practical resources such as transportation to and from school. The research cited here includes research reviews, important case studies and textbooks. The reports includes discussion/position papers and status reports. The resources include examples of programs/guidelines/mandates, planning guides/manuals, educational programs/curricula/educational methods guides, health or other agency service/clinical guidelines/mandates to work with schools, policy tools/guidelines/examples, assessment/evaluation tools, training tools and other resources such as key web sites or organizations
This list of research, reports and educational/planning resources has organized in accordance with our outline used to address broad health, social, safety and other issues. The listing is presented under these headings on different sub-pages off of this one:
BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Glossary Term: Monitoring & Reporting Systems (First Edition, October 2009)
Writer/Editor: Doug McCall, Coordinator, International School Health Network dmccall@internationalschoolhealth.org
Contributors: Members of the Canadian Community of Practice on Nutiition and Schools
Sponsors and Partners: Health & Learning Knowledge Centre, Canadian Council on Learning
First Draft Posted for Discussion: March 15, 2009
First Edition Posted: December 15, 2009
Further Comments: This list will remain open for additions and edits usi8ng the "Easy Edit" tool found in the top navigation bar on each web page. .
Permissions for Use: The authors, writers, editors, contributors, sponsors, partners and the International School Health Network retain the right to first publish this document or adapted versions thereof in accordance with regular copyright laws. However, web links to this page and excerpts from this document are encouraged. As well, visitors to and participants in this wiki-based community are encouraged to add sub-pages or links to additional case studies or other documents and thereby become a contributor to this document.
In this outline, we identify relevant research, reports and resources within an understanding of the issue that we describe as an ecological and systems-based approach to school-based and school-linked health, safety, social and sustainable development. This outline suggests that we need a holistic understanding of the nature, prevalence, aspects and factors affecting the issue, the influence of the school's physical and social environment as well as its core practices, the effectiveness of comprehensive approaches, coordinated agency-school programs and whole school strategies as well as individual interventions, how these interventions can be implemented and sustained while ongoing capacities are built at all levels within education, health and other systems in a manner that respects the complex, open, loosely-coupled and bureaucratic systems that support schools. This outline also lists links that apply these interventions in a variety of local community and country contexts with a deep understanding of the core mandates and constraints of schools and educators. The outline concludes with items relating to future research questions, and methods.
Regional, country and community contexts will have a profound impact on the n umber and nature of issues affecting young people as well as the capacity of school, health and other systems to respond to those issues with individual or multiple interventions. Countries that have been affected by conflict or disaster, low income or developing countries, isolated or island countries and others will have different needs and different system, organizational and professional capacities. Local communities within those countries will also vary, with disadvantaged communities being present in high income countries and affluent communities also being in low income countries. Secular, cultural or religious communities will approach problems differently, with different strengths and challenges. Consequently, we suggest that readers and contributors to this encyclopedia and knowledge exchange program try to identify groupings of issues and interventions according to different contexts and be willing to differentiate or adapt their discussions to different contexts a priori (ie from knowledge based common sense) as well as from knowledge based on experience or evidence.
Since most of the research, reports and resources published on issues and interventions comes from developed countries and affluent communities (with the resources necessary for research and reflection) we have tried to highlight country and local context in this outline and to introduce some examples from each broad issue or aspect of school-based or school-linked work being addressed. For example, in school nutrition, "school meal" programs for disadvantaged students in high income countries are different from "school feeding" programs delivered in low income countries that encourage school attendance. Indeed, in some countries or affluent communities, school meal programs are provided to all students and become integral part of the socialization process in schools.
Interventions are defined as including policies (including professional practice guidelines and organizational practices), educational programs, health, social, student & other services, social support activities such as parent involvement, youth engagement, working with media and community and changes to the physical environment or other practical resources such as transportation to and from school. The research cited here includes research reviews, important case studies and textbooks. The reports includes discussion/position papers and status reports. The resources include examples of programs/guidelines/mandates, planning guides/manuals, educational programs/curricula/educational methods guides, health or other agency service/clinical guidelines/mandates to work with schools, policy tools/guidelines/examples, assessment/evaluation tools, training tools and other resources such as key web sites or organizations
This list of research, reports and educational/planning resources has organized in accordance with our outline used to address broad health, social, safety and other issues. The listing is presented under these headings on different sub-pages off of this one:
A. Understanding the Problem: (Prevalence, nature, aspects of the problem, behaviour theories that explain it)
B. Impact of the School Environment on the Problem (Influence of the physical and social environment, role of school in preventing and models describing school approaches)
C. Effect of Comprehensive Approaches, Coordinated Programs, Whole School Strategies Comprehensive Approaches (Multi-issue, multi-level, multi-system programs) Coordinated Programs and Services (School-Agency Programs, Whole School Strategies (School staff only Programs) on health, nutrition/aspects of nutrition and learning
D. Use of Individual Evidence-based Interventions (Including Policy, Instruction, Services, Social Support, Physical Environment Interventions)
E. Implementation, Capacity-Building, Sustainability & Systems Change Issues (Including Evidenced-based, Practical and Strategic Implementation Strategies, diffusion or education change theories, Capacity & Capacity-building/Continuous Improvement Strategies, Sustainability and strategic consideration of system/agency/school characteristics for Systems Change
F Consideration of Local Community Context
G. Consideration of and Integration within the Constraints and Educational Mandate of the School System
H Questions related to Future and Current Research
BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Glossary Term: Monitoring & Reporting Systems (First Edition, October 2009)
Writer/Editor: Doug McCall, Coordinator, International School Health Network dmccall@internationalschoolhealth.org
Contributors: Members of the Canadian Community of Practice on Nutiition and Schools
Sponsors and Partners: Health & Learning Knowledge Centre, Canadian Council on Learning
First Draft Posted for Discussion: March 15, 2009
First Edition Posted: December 15, 2009
Further Comments: This list will remain open for additions and edits usi8ng the "Easy Edit" tool found in the top navigation bar on each web page. .
Permissions for Use: The authors, writers, editors, contributors, sponsors, partners and the International School Health Network retain the right to first publish this document or adapted versions thereof in accordance with regular copyright laws. However, web links to this page and excerpts from this document are encouraged. As well, visitors to and participants in this wiki-based community are encouraged to add sub-pages or links to additional case studies or other documents and thereby become a contributor to this document.
dmccall |
Latest page update: made by dmccall
, Jan 19 2012, 10:10 AM EST
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