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Cognitive Behavioural Theory & Schools (GT)
This initial or rough draft of a summary (formatted in an Glossary Term format) has been started by the International School Health Network from a previous Canadian project. Visitors to and members of this wiki-based web site are welcome to edit the draft (using the Easy Edit" tool found at the top of the page or to comment on the draft by using the "thread" tool found at the bottom of the page. (All previous versions of this page are automatically saved by the system, so don't hesitate to edit this page). Eventually, when time and resources permit, this initial draft will be formatted in accordance with the outline for glossary terms, encyclopedia entries and handbook sections used in this knowledge exchange program for health,safety, educational and social development interventions.
This summary discusses one behavioural theory that underpins school health promotion, safety, social development and other similar programs. The summary is one of several that are being developed within this wiki-based web site. Please see our Call for Writers/Contributors/Sponsors on Behaviour Theories for a full listing of this series of summaries.
Cognitive behavioral therapy(orcognitive behavioral therapiesorCBT) is apsychotherapeuticapproach that aims to solve problems concerning dysfunctional emotions, behaviors and cognitions through a goal-oriented, systematic procedure. The title is used in diverse ways to designatebehavior therapy,cognitive therapy, and to refer to therapy based upon a combination of basicbehavioralandcognitiveresearch.[1]
There is empirical evidence that CBT is effective for the treatment of a variety of problems, including mood, anxiety, personality, eating, substance abuse, and psychotic disorders.[2][3]Treatment is often manualized, with specific technique-driven brief, direct, and time-limited treatments for specific psychological disorders. CBT is used in individual therapy as well as group settings, and the techniques are often adapted forself-helpapplications. Some clinicians and researchers are more cognitive oriented (e.g.cognitive restructuring), while others are more behaviorally oriented (in vivoexposure therapy). Other interventions combine both (e.g. imaginal exposure therapy).[4]
CBT was primarily developed through a merging ofbehavior therapywithcognitive therapy. While rooted in rather different theories, these two traditions found common ground in focusing on the "here and now", and on alleviating symptoms.[5]Many CBT treatment programs for specific disorders have been evaluated forefficacyand effectiveness; the health-care trend ofevidence-based treatment, where specific treatments for symptom-based diagnoses are recommended, has favored CBT over other approaches such aspsychodynamictreatments.[6]In the United Kingdom, theNational Institute for Health and Clinical Excellencerecommends CBT as the treatment of choice for a number ofmental healthdifficulties, includingpost-traumatic stress disorder,OCD,bulimia nervosaandclinical depression, and for the neurological conditionchronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis.[7]
The use of CBT has been extended to children and adolescents with positive results. It is often used to treatmajor depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and symptoms related to trauma andposttraumatic stress disorder. Significant work has been done in this area by Mark Reinecke and his colleagues at Northwestern University in theClinical Psychologyprogram inChicago.Paula Barrettand her colleagues have also validated CBT as effective in a group setting for the treatment of youth and child anxiety using theFriends Programshe authored. This CBT program has been recognized as best practice for the treatment of anxiety in children by theWorld Health Organization. CBT has been used with children and adolescents to treat a variety of conditions with good success.[46][47]CBT is also used as a treatment modality for children who have experiencedcomplex posttraumatic stress disorderand chronic maltreatment.[48]
References
Beck, A. (1993). Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. NY: Penguin.ISBN 9780452009288
Burns, D. (1999). The Feeling Good Handbook. NY: Plume.ISBN 9780452281325
Bush, J., Vermont Department of Corrections (2002). A Manual for the Delivery of Cognitive Self-Change, Vermont Department of Corrections,
Willson, R. and Branch, R. (2006). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Dummies.ISBN 978-0470018385
Dryden, W. (1994). 'Ten Steps to Positive Living'. Sheldon Press
Burns, D. (1999). Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy (Revised Edition). Avon.ISBN 0-380-81033-6
Ellis, A. (2001). Overcoming Destructive Beliefs, Feelings, and Behaviors: New Directions for Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. Prometheus Books.ISBN 978-1573928793
French, Abe. (2007). Thinking Matters Facilitator Manual.
Tanner, S. and Ball, J. (2001). Beating the Blues: A Self-help Approach to Overcoming Depression.ISBN 0-646-36622-X
McCullough, J.P. (2003). Treatment for Chronic Depression: Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP). Guilford Press.ISBN 1-57230-965-2
Albano, M., & Kearney C. (2000). When children refuse school: a cognitive behavioral therapy approach: Therapist guide. Psychological Corporation.
Deblinger, E. and Heflin, A. (1996) . Treating sexually abused children and their non-offending parents: a cognitive behavioral approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
Leahy, R.L. and Holland, S.J. (2000). Treatment Plans and Interventions for Depression and Anxiety Disorders. New York: Guilford
Yochelson, S. and Samenow, S. (1976). The Criminal Personality: A profile for change. New York: Aronson.British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies: What are Cognitive and/or Behavioural Psychotherapies? Retrieved on 2008-11-1
Butler AC, Chapman JE, Forman EM, Beck AT (January 2006). "The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses".Clin Psychol Rev26(1): 17–31.
Dobson, Keith S.; Dozois, David J. A. (2001). "Historical and Philosophical Bases of the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies". in Dobson, Keith S..Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies(2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. pp.3–39.ISBN1-57230-601-7.
Lynch, D.; Laws, K. R.; McKenna, P. J. (2009). "Cognitive behavioural therapy for major psychiatric disorder: does it really work? A meta-analytical review of well-controlled trials".Psychological medicine40(1): 1–16.doi:10.1017/S003329170900590X.PMID19476688
This summary discusses one behavioural theory that underpins school health promotion, safety, social development and other similar programs. The summary is one of several that are being developed within this wiki-based web site. Please see our Call for Writers/Contributors/Sponsors on Behaviour Theories for a full listing of this series of summaries.
Cognitive Behavioural Theory and Schools
(Adapted from Wikipedia Summary)
(Adapted from Wikipedia Summary)
Cognitive behavioral therapy(orcognitive behavioral therapiesorCBT) is apsychotherapeuticapproach that aims to solve problems concerning dysfunctional emotions, behaviors and cognitions through a goal-oriented, systematic procedure. The title is used in diverse ways to designatebehavior therapy,cognitive therapy, and to refer to therapy based upon a combination of basicbehavioralandcognitiveresearch.[1]
There is empirical evidence that CBT is effective for the treatment of a variety of problems, including mood, anxiety, personality, eating, substance abuse, and psychotic disorders.[2][3]Treatment is often manualized, with specific technique-driven brief, direct, and time-limited treatments for specific psychological disorders. CBT is used in individual therapy as well as group settings, and the techniques are often adapted forself-helpapplications. Some clinicians and researchers are more cognitive oriented (e.g.cognitive restructuring), while others are more behaviorally oriented (in vivoexposure therapy). Other interventions combine both (e.g. imaginal exposure therapy).[4]
CBT was primarily developed through a merging ofbehavior therapywithcognitive therapy. While rooted in rather different theories, these two traditions found common ground in focusing on the "here and now", and on alleviating symptoms.[5]Many CBT treatment programs for specific disorders have been evaluated forefficacyand effectiveness; the health-care trend ofevidence-based treatment, where specific treatments for symptom-based diagnoses are recommended, has favored CBT over other approaches such aspsychodynamictreatments.[6]In the United Kingdom, theNational Institute for Health and Clinical Excellencerecommends CBT as the treatment of choice for a number ofmental healthdifficulties, includingpost-traumatic stress disorder,OCD,bulimia nervosaandclinical depression, and for the neurological conditionchronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis.[7]
The use of CBT has been extended to children and adolescents with positive results. It is often used to treatmajor depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and symptoms related to trauma andposttraumatic stress disorder. Significant work has been done in this area by Mark Reinecke and his colleagues at Northwestern University in theClinical Psychologyprogram inChicago.Paula Barrettand her colleagues have also validated CBT as effective in a group setting for the treatment of youth and child anxiety using theFriends Programshe authored. This CBT program has been recognized as best practice for the treatment of anxiety in children by theWorld Health Organization. CBT has been used with children and adolescents to treat a variety of conditions with good success.[46][47]CBT is also used as a treatment modality for children who have experiencedcomplex posttraumatic stress disorderand chronic maltreatment.[48]
References
Beck, A. (1993). Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. NY: Penguin.ISBN 9780452009288
Burns, D. (1999). The Feeling Good Handbook. NY: Plume.ISBN 9780452281325
Bush, J., Vermont Department of Corrections (2002). A Manual for the Delivery of Cognitive Self-Change, Vermont Department of Corrections,
Willson, R. and Branch, R. (2006). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Dummies.ISBN 978-0470018385
Dryden, W. (1994). 'Ten Steps to Positive Living'. Sheldon Press
Burns, D. (1999). Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy (Revised Edition). Avon.ISBN 0-380-81033-6
Ellis, A. (2001). Overcoming Destructive Beliefs, Feelings, and Behaviors: New Directions for Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. Prometheus Books.ISBN 978-1573928793
French, Abe. (2007). Thinking Matters Facilitator Manual.
Tanner, S. and Ball, J. (2001). Beating the Blues: A Self-help Approach to Overcoming Depression.ISBN 0-646-36622-X
McCullough, J.P. (2003). Treatment for Chronic Depression: Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP). Guilford Press.ISBN 1-57230-965-2
Albano, M., & Kearney C. (2000). When children refuse school: a cognitive behavioral therapy approach: Therapist guide. Psychological Corporation.
Deblinger, E. and Heflin, A. (1996) . Treating sexually abused children and their non-offending parents: a cognitive behavioral approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
Leahy, R.L. and Holland, S.J. (2000). Treatment Plans and Interventions for Depression and Anxiety Disorders. New York: Guilford
Yochelson, S. and Samenow, S. (1976). The Criminal Personality: A profile for change. New York: Aronson.British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies: What are Cognitive and/or Behavioural Psychotherapies? Retrieved on 2008-11-1
Butler AC, Chapman JE, Forman EM, Beck AT (January 2006). "The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses".Clin Psychol Rev26(1): 17–31.
Dobson, Keith S.; Dozois, David J. A. (2001). "Historical and Philosophical Bases of the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies". in Dobson, Keith S..Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies(2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. pp.3–39.ISBN1-57230-601-7.
Lynch, D.; Laws, K. R.; McKenna, P. J. (2009). "Cognitive behavioural therapy for major psychiatric disorder: does it really work? A meta-analytical review of well-controlled trials".Psychological medicine40(1): 1–16.doi:10.1017/S003329170900590X.PMID19476688
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